公益研究

长期维系对于合作的有效性和长远成功至关重要，但也面临诸多挑战，尤其对能力受到制约的参与者而言。本研究引入能力制约这一概念，并将其作为组织合作过程中的核心挑战，指有效参与合作所需的能力超出参与者现有可用能力时产生的压力。这种差距会引发比较式需求，因为参与者必须在自身实际可贡献的资源与合作维系可行性和成功所需的资源之间进行衡量。本研究聚焦于一个尽管长期面临能力制约但仍持续推进并取得显著成就的非营利组织合作案例，探讨参与者如何应对和解决能力制约以维系合作。通过分析2016年至2020年间开展的11轮共165次访谈、参与式观察记录及档案文件，本研究识别出内部调适与外部导向两类策略，其中包含整合多元贡献、调整工作流程、挖掘相关机会及创建衍生项目，助推参与者在合作中“支撑下去”。通过考察案例在五年间三个合作阶段中的各项措施，本研究提出过程模型，为理解在能力制约下如何维系有效合作提供了见解。研究结果为致力于构建可持续且具韧性的合作关系的实践者和学者提供指导。

Sustaining collaboration over time is vital for its effectiveness and long-term success but presents challenges, especially for actors with capacity constraints. This study introduces “capacity tensions” as a central challenge in collaborative efforts, referring to the strain that arises when the capacity needed for effective engagement exceeds the capacity actors have available. This gap creates competing demands, as actors must balance what they can realistically contribute with what the collaboration needs to remain viable and successful. Focusing on a nonprofit collaboration that, despite ongoing capacity constraints, persisted with notable achievements, this study investigates how actors navigate and manage these tensions to sustain their efforts. By analyzing 165 interviews conducted over eleven rounds, participant observations, and archival documents from 2016 to 2020, this study identifies strategies of internal accommodation and external orientation. These strategies enabled actors to “hang in there” by assembling different contributions; tailoring work processes; searching for relevant opportunities; and creating spin-off projects. Examining these strategies across three phases of collaboration over 5 years, this study proposes a process model that offers insights into sustaining effective collaboration despite capacity tensions. These findings provide valuable guidance for practitioners and scholars striving to build sustainable and resilient collaborations.