| 23 | 0 | 10 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
在当今剧烈变革的时代背景下，公益慈善事业正面临日益复杂的外部环境与愈发棘手的社会问题，传统公益范式在应对这些不确定性时的局限性日益显现。与之相对，以共创范式为基础的新型公益组织，正在以跨界“共同体”与松散耦合的组织形态，逐渐展现出引领未来新兴公益的潜力。本文从系统理论与复杂理论的视角剖析剧变时代的环境复杂性与问题顽劣性的关键特征，系统梳理共创范式的理论框架，揭示其在应对复杂问题时的合理性，阐述在此基础上新型公益组织的形成与发展。基于社会实验室与行动研究方法，本文提出了共创范式的松散耦合型公益组织的形态与运营特征，旨在为公益组织在剧变时代中提升效能与可持续发展能力提供新的概念框架、路径和指引。本文以“村长工作坊”为案例，探讨共创范式及松散耦合型组织在乡村振兴中的实际应用，并展示其在解决复杂社会问题中的独特优势。
Abstract：In the current era of profound transformation, philanthropic sectors are facing increasingly complex external environments and more intractable social problems. The limitations of traditional philanthropic paradigms in addressing these uncertainties have become increasingly evident. In contrast, new philanthropic organizations based on the co-creation paradigm, characterized by cross-sectoral “communities” and loosely coupled organizational structures, are gradually demonstrating their potential to lead the future development of philanthropy. From the perspectives of systems theory and complexity theory, this study analyzes the key characteristics of environmental complexity and wicked problems in the era of radical change. It systematically outlines the theoretical framework of the co-creation paradigm, reveals its rationality in addressing complex issues, and elaborates on the formation and development of new philanthropic organizations based on this paradigm. Using social lab methodology and action research, this paper proposes the structural and operational characteristics of loosely coupled philanthropic organizations under the co-creation paradigm. It aims to provide a new conceptual framework, actionable pathways, and practical guidance for enhancing organizational efficacy and sustainability in turbulent times. Using the “Village Head Workshop” as a case study, this paper explores the practical application of the co-creation paradigm and loosely coupled organizations in rural revitalization, demonstrating their unique advantages in addressing complex social issues.
① VUCA指易变性(Volatility)、不确定性(Uncertainty)、复杂性(Complexity)和模糊性(Ambiguity)。
(1)Rittel H W J and Webber M M,“Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning,”Policy Sciences,vol.4,no.2(1973),pp.155-169.
(2)Prahalad C K and Ramaswamy V,“Co-creation Experiences:The Next Practice in Value Creation,” Journal of Interactive Marketing,vol.18,no.3(2004),pp.5-14.
(3)Bennett N and Lemoine G J,“What a Difference a Word Makes:Understanding Threats to Performance in a VUCA World,”Business Horizons,vol.57,no.3(2014),pp.311-317.
(4)Ashby W R,“Variety,Constraint,and the Law of Requisite Variety,” in Buckley W,ed.,Modern Systems Research for the Behavioral Scientist:A Source Book,New York:Routledge,2017,pp.129-136.
(5)王超、许睿谦:《共创:剧变时代顽劣问题的应对之道》,北京:清华大学出版社,2023年。
(6)Rittel H W J and Webber M M,“Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning,”Policy Sciences,vol.4,no.2(1973),pp.155-169.
(7)Levin K,Cashore B,BernsteinS,et al.,“Overcoming the Tragedy of Super Wicked Problems:Constraining Our Future Selves to Ameliorate Global Climate Change,”Policy Sciences,vol.45,no.2(2012),pp.123-152.
(8)张腾、蓝志勇、秦强:《中国改革四十年的扶贫成就与未来的新挑战》,《公共管理学报》2018年第4期。
(9)周学馨:《面向国家治理现代化的中国老龄公益慈善》,《探索》2021年第2期。
(10)Kim S,Kwak H,Nwakpuda E,et al.,“Social Equity for Wicked Problems:Achieving Racial Equity in Homeless Service Provision,”Public Management Review,(2023),pp.1-33.
(11)王名、蓝煜昕、王玉宝等:《第三次分配:理论、实践与政策建议》,《中国行政管理》2020年第3期。
(12)Rittel H W J and Webber M M,“Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning,” Policy Sciences,vol.4,no.2(1973),pp.155-169.
(13)王超、许睿谦:《共创:剧变时代顽劣问题的应对之道》,北京:清华大学出版社,2023年。
(14)刘威:《回归国家责任:公益慈善之资源动员及群众参与的新传统》,《深圳大学学报》(人文社会科学版)2010年第5期。
(15)李凤琴:《“资源依赖”视角下政府与NGO的合作——以南京市鼓楼区为例》,《理论探索》2011年第5期。
(16)王名:《中国公益慈善:发展、改革与趋势》,《中国人大》2016年第7期。
(17)田园、徐家良:《第三次分配视角下非营利组织应对重大突发公共事件筹款策略——基于公众捐赠偏好的实验研究》,《公共行政评论》2022年第2期。
(18)焦克源:《社会组织参与公共危机协同治理的困境与出路——以红十字会慈善捐赠工作为例》,《行政论坛》2020年第6期。
(19)卢永彬、徐家良、卫玮:《社会资本视角下慈善组织公信力影响因素研究》,《北京行政学院学报》2015年第2期。
(20)布迪厄、华康德:《实践与反思》,李猛等译,北京:中央编译出版社,1998年,第133-171页。
(21)Uhl-Bien M,Marion R and McKelvey B,“Complexity Leadership Theory:Shifting Leadership from the Industrial Age to the Knowledge Era,”The Leadership Quarterly,vol.18,no.4(2007),pp.298-318.
(22)Senge P M,The Fifth Discipline:The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization,New York:Doubleday Publishing Group,1990.
(23)Goldstein J,“Emergence as a Construct:History and Issues,” Emergence,vol.1,no.1(1999),pp.49-72.
(24)Hargadon A B and Bechky B A,“When Collections of Creatives Become Creative Collectives:A Field Study of Problem Solving at Work,”Organization Science,vol.17,no.4(2006),pp.484-500.
(25)Glassman R B,“Persistence and Loose Coupling in Living Systems,”Behavioral Science,vol.18,no.2 (1973),p.83.
(26)Weick K E,“Educational Organizations as Loosely Coupled Systems,”Administrative Science Quarterly,vol.21,no.1 (1976),pp.1-19;Meyer J W and Rowan B,“Institutionalized Organizations:Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony,”American Journal of Sociology,vol.83,no.2 (1977),pp.340-363.
(27)Weick K E and Sutcliffe K M,Managing the Unexpected,San Francisco:Jossey-Bass,2001.
(28)Orton J D and Weick K E,“Loosely Coupled Systems:A Reconceptualization,” Academy of Management Review,vol.15,no.2 (1990),pp.203-223.
(29)Brusoni S and Prencipe A,“Managing Knowledge in Loosely Coupled Networks:Exploring the Links between Product and Knowledge Dynamics,”Journal of Management Studies,vol.38,no.7 (2001),pp.1019-1035;张首魁、党兴华、李莉:《松散耦合系统:技术创新网络组织结构研究》,《中国软科学》2006年第9期。
(30)王凤彬、李东红、张婷婷:《产品开发组织超模块化及其对创新的影响——以丰田汽车为案例的研究》,《中国工业经济》2011年第2期。
(31)费孝通:《乡土中国》,北京:商务印书馆,2011年,第27-28页。
(32)这里指的是村党支部书记或村主任或者两职“一肩挑”的村庄治理的主要负责人。
(33)叶士华、朱健刚:《层级式网络治理:一种社会组织的合作机制》,《社会》2024年第5期。
基本信息:
DOI：10.20280/j.cnki.cn33-1435/c.2025.02.001
中图分类号:D632.9
引用信息:
[1]王超,赵彤.共创与新兴公益：剧变时代的范式转变与松散耦合型组织的兴起[J].公益研究,2025,No.2(02):4-19+134.DOI:10.20280/j.cnki.cn33-1435/c.2025.02.001.
基金信息:
国家资助博士后研究人员计划“乡村振兴战略背景下多元主体治理创新机制研究”(资助编号：GZC20230061)